中国动物志昆虫纲 第十四卷 同翅目 纩蚜科 瘿绵蚜科
简介
本志共记述了纩蚜科1属5种含作者记述的新类群3种和亚种，瘿绵蚜科29属126种和亚种。
封面
中国动物志昆虫纲第十四卷同翅目 纩蚜科 瘿绵蚜科
版权页
英文标题
中国科学院中国动物志编辑委员会
前言
目录
第一章 蚜虫的系统发育
- 一、蚜虫类13科间的系统发育关系
- 1.特征极化和特征演化序列分析
- 2.系统发育分析
- 二、瘿绵蚜科各亚科及属间的系统演化关系
- 三、蚜虫取食的经济意义和学术意义
- 1．蚜虫的为害
- 2．蚜虫为害状的形成．在系统演化上的意义及在分类学上的应用
- 3．蚜虫取食的超补偿和引起植物的营养恶化
- 4．有益的蚜虫
第二章 生物学特性
- 一、蚜虫和寄主植物的关系及演化
- 二、蚜虫食性的专化性及起源
- 三、蚜虫的多型现象
第三章 地理分布
- 一、纩蚜科的地理分布
- 二、瘿绵蚜科的地理分布
- (一)绵蚜亚科的地理分布
- (二)瘿绵蚜亚科的地理分布
- (三)五节根蚜亚科的地理分布
- (四)属在中国的分布
第四章 系统分类
- 一、分类特征记述
- 二、分类系统演变
- 三、蚜虫类分科检索表
第五章 种类记述
- 纩蚜科Mindaridae
- 1.纩蚜属Mimiarus Koch,1856
- (1)冷杉纩蚜指名亚种Mindarus abietinus abietinus Koch,1856
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (2)冷杉纩蚜三圈亚种Mindarus abietinus triprimesensori Zhan
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (3)日本纩蚜Mindarus japonicus Takahashi.1931
- (4)油杉纩蚜Mindarus keteleerifoliae Zhang,1984
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (5)云杉纩蚜Mindarus piceasuctus Zhang et Qiao,1997
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (1)冷杉纩蚜指名亚种Mindarus abietinus abietinus Koch,1856
- 1.纩蚜属Mimiarus Koch,1856
- 瘿绵蚜科Pemphigidae
- (一)绵蚜亚科Eriosomatinae
- 2.爪绵蚜属Aphidounguis Takahashi,1963中国新记录
- (6)苹果爪绵蚜Aphidounguis mali Takahashi,1963中国新记录
- 无翅干雌蚜
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (6)苹果爪绵蚜Aphidounguis mali Takahashi,1963中国新记录
- 3.四节绵蚜属Colopha Monell,1877
- (7)扁四节绵蚜Colopha compressa(Koch,1856)中国新记录
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- (7)扁四节绵蚜Colopha compressa(Koch,1856)中国新记录
- 4.扣绵蚜属Colophina Borner,1932
- (8)北扣绵蚜Colophina arctica Zhaang et Qiao,1997
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- 无翅若蚜
- 无翅二龄若蚜
- (8)北扣绵蚜Colophina arctica Zhaang et Qiao,1997
- 5.绵蚜属Eriosoma Leach,1818
- (9)安绵蚜Eriosoma anncharlotteae Danniclsson,1979
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (10)短角绵蚜Eriosoma antennieur fum Zhang,1997
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (11)螬绵蚜Eriosoma cerum Zhang,1997
- 无翅干母蚜
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (12)榆绵蚜Eriosoma lanuginosum dilanuginosum(zhang,19
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (13)阜康绵蚜Eriosoma fukangense Zhang.1997
- 无翅干雌蚜
- (14)日本绵蚜Eriosoma japomicum Matsumura,1917
- 无翅干母蚜
- 无翅干雌蚜
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (15)苹果绵蚜Eriosoma lanigerum(Hausmann,1802)
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (16)盛冈绵蚜Eriosoma moriokense Akimoto,1983
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (17)多室绵蚜Eriosoma multilocularis Zhang et Zhang,199
- 无翅干雌蚜
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (18)螺叶绵蚜Eriosoma spirifolium Zhang,1997
- 无翅干雌蚜
- (19)土贵绵蚜Eriosoma togrogum zhang,1997
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (20)山榆绵蚜Eriosoma ulmi(Linnaeus,1758)
- 无翅干母
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (21)白榆绵蚜Eriosoma ulmipumilicola Zhang et zhang,199
- 无翅干雌蚜
- (22)乌苏绵蚜Eriosoma usuense Zhang et Qiao,1997
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (23)杨氏绵蚜Eriosoma yangi Takahashi,1939
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (9)安绵蚜Eriosoma anncharlotteae Danniclsson,1979
- 6.卡绵蚜属Kaltenbachiella Schouteden,1906
- (24)白卡绵蚜东台亚种Kaltenbachiella pallida dongtaiensis Z
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (24)白卡绵蚜东台亚种Kaltenbachiella pallida dongtaiensis Z
- 7.四脉绵蚜属Tetraneura Hartig,1841
- (25)等爪四脉绵蚜Tetraneura(Tetraneura) aequiunguis zhang
- 干母
- (26)秋四脉绵蚜Tetraneura(Tetraneurella) akinire Sasaki.
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (27)秋四脉绵蚜山西亚种Tetraneura(Tetraneurella) akinire sha
- 无翅孤雌侨蚜
- (28)异爪四脉绵蚜Tetraneura(Indotetraneura) asymmachia Zh
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (29)短毛四脉绵蚜Tetraneura(Tetraneura) brachytricha Zhan
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- 有翅性母蚜
- (30)暗色四脉绵蚜Tetraneura caerulescems(Passerini,1856)
- 无翅干母蚜
- (31)钉毛四脉绵蚜Tetraneura(Tetraneurella)capitata Zhang
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- (32)钉四脉绵蚜冰草亚种Teraneura capitata agropyricena Zhang
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- (33)中国四脉绵蚜Tetraneura(Tetraneurella) chinensis Mord
- 有翅瘿蚜
- (34)朱氏四脉绵蚜Tetraneura(Tetraneura)chui Zhang et Zhan
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- (35)黑腹四脉绵蚜Tetraneura nigriabdominalis(Sasaki,1899)
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- 有翅瘿蚜
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- 无翅干母
- (36)黑腹四脉绵蚜二毛亚种Tetraneura(Tetraneurella) nigroabdom
- 有翅侨蚜
- (37)桃形四脉绵蚜Tetraneura(Tetraneura) persicina Zhang e
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (38)多毛四脉绵蚜Tetraneura(Tetraneura) polychaeta Hille
- 有翅性母蚜
- (39)多室四脉绵蚜Tetraneura(Tetraneura) polychorema Zhang
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- 有翅若蚜
- 无翅若蚜
- (40)根四脉绵蚜Tetraneura(Tetraneura) radicicola Strand,
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- 无翅孤雌若蚜
- 有翅性母若蚜
- 有翅性母蚜
- (41)宗林四脉绵蚜Tetraneura(Taraneurella) sorini Hille Ri
- 有翅瘿蚜
- 有翅性母蚜
- (42)角四脉绵蚜Tetmneura(Tetraneura) triangula Zhang et
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (43)榆四脉绵蚜Tetraneura ulmi(Linnaeus,1758)
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- (44)食榆四脉绵蚜Tetraneura(Tetraneura)ulmicema Zhang,199
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (45)瑕夷四脉绵蚜Tetraneura(Tetraneura)yezoensis Matsumur
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- 有翅性母蚜
- (25)等爪四脉绵蚜Tetraneura(Tetraneura) aequiunguis zhang
- 2.爪绵蚜属Aphidounguis Takahashi,1963中国新记录
- (二)瘿绵蚜亚科Pemphiginae
- 8.三堡瘿绵蚜属Epipemphigus Hille Ris Lambers,1966
- (46)藏叶三堡瘿绵蚜Epipemphigus chomoensis(Zhang,1979)新组合
- 干母
- 有翅干雌若蚜
- (47)尼三堡瘿绵蚜Epipemphigus niisimae(Matsumura,1917)中国新
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (48)三堡瘿绵蚜Epipemphigus sanpupopuli(Zhang etZhong,19
- 干母
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (49)滇叶三堡瘿绵蚜Epipemphigus yunnanensis(Zhang et Zhong
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- 有翅干雌若蚜
- (46)藏叶三堡瘿绵蚜Epipemphigus chomoensis(Zhang,1979)新组合
- 9.丽绵蚜属Formosaphis Takahashi,1925
- (50)丽绵蚜Formosaphis micheliae Takahashi,1925
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (50)丽绵蚜Formosaphis micheliae Takahashi,1925
- 10.米根蚜属Mimeuria Borner,1952
- (51)草米根蚜Mimeuria graminiradiciis Zhang,1997
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- (51)草米根蚜Mimeuria graminiradiciis Zhang,1997
- 11.粗毛绵蚜属Pachypappa Koch,1856
- (52)黑杨粗毛绵蚜Pachypappa aigeiros Zhang,1997
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (53)囊粗毛绵蚜兰氏亚种Pachypappa marsupialis lambersi Aoki,
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (54)毛埃斯绵蚜Pachypappa pilosa(Zhang,1981)
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (55)杨粗毛绵蚜Pachypappa populi(Linnaeus,1758)
- 干母
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (56)龙爪柳粗毛绵蚜Pachypappa tortuosae Zhang,1997
- 有翅性母蚜
- (57)山杨粗毛绵蚜Pachypappa tremulae(Linnaeus,1761)
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (52)黑杨粗毛绵蚜Pachypappa aigeiros Zhang,1997
- 12.拟粗毛绵蚜属Pachypappella Baker,1920
- (58)少拟粗毛绵蚜Pachypappella aliquipila Zhang,1997
- 无翅干母
- 有翅干雌若蚜
- (58)少拟粗毛绵蚜Pachypappella aliquipila Zhang,1997
- 13.瘿绵蚜属Pemphigus Hartig,1839
- (59)远东枝瘿绵蚜Pemphigus borealis Tullgren,1909
- 干母
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (60)囊柄瘿绵蚜Pemphigus bursarius(Linnaeus,1758)
- 无翅干母
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (61)环瘿绵蚜Pemphigus circellatus Zhang,1981
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (62)简瘿绵蚜Pemphigus cylindricus Zhang,1981
- 无翅干母
- (63)袋居瘿绵蚜Pemphigus dorocola Matsumura,1917中国新记录
- 无翅干母
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (64)杨枝瘿绵蚜Pemphigus immunis Buckton,1896
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (65)芒康瘿绵蚜Pemphigus mangkamensis Zhang,1981
- 无翅干母
- (66)杨柄叶瘿绵蚜Pemphigus matsumurai Monzen,1929
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (67)白杨瘿绵蚜Pemphigus napaeus Buckton,1896
- (68)杨叶红瘿绵蚜Pemphigus populinigrae(Schrank,1801)中国新记
- 无翅干母
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (69)早螺瘿绵蚜Pemphigus protospirae Lichtenstein,(1884)
- 干母
- 有翅干雌
- (70)柄脉叶瘿绵蚜Pemphigus sinobursarius Zhang,1979
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (71)藏枝瘿绵蚜Pemphigus tibetensis Zhang,1979
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (72)藏蓼瘿绵蚜Pemphigus tibetpolygoni Zhang,1981
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- (73)塔瘿绵蚜Pemphigus turritus Zhang,1997
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (74)武都瘿绵蚜Pemphigus wuduensis Zhang.1997
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (75)滇枝瘿绵蚜Pemphigus yangcola Zhang,1979
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (59)远东枝瘿绵蚜Pemphigus borealis Tullgren,1909
- 14.卷叶绵蚜属Prociphilus Koch,1857
- (76)金卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus aurus Zhang et Qiao,1997
- 无翅干母
- (77)蜡树卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus bumiliae(Schrank,1801)
- (78)陈氏卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus cheni Tao,1970
- (79)金银花卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus dilonicearae Zhang.1981
- 有翅千雌蚜
- (80)峨眉卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus emeiensis Zhang,1997
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (81)台湾卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus formosanus Takahashi,1935
- (82)丁香卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus gambosae Zhang et Zhang,1993
- 无翅干司
- (83)梨卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus kuwanai Monzen,1927
- 无翅干母
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (84)女贞卷叶绵蚜Procphilus ligustrifoliae(Tseng et Tao,1
- 干母
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (85)松根卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus pini Tao.1970
- (86)三卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus trinus zhang,1997
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (87)忍冬卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus xylostei(de Geer,1773)
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (76)金卷叶绵蚜Prociphilus aurus Zhang et Qiao,1997
- 15.伪卷叶绵蚜属Thecabius Koch,1857
- 卵伪卷叶绵蚜亚属Oothecabius Zhang,1995
- (88)短伪卷叶绵蚜Thecabius(Oothecabius)brachychaetus zhan
- 有翅性母蚜
- (89)凯氏伪卷叶绵蚜Thecabius(Oothecabius) kelloggi(Takahas
- (90)南京伪卷叶绵蚜Thecabius(Oothecabius)nanjingensis Zhan
- (91)杨伪卷叶绵蚜Thecabius(Oothecabius)poputi(Tao.1970)
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (92)次毛伪卷叶绵蚜Thecabius(Oothecabius)sequelus Zhang,19
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (88)短伪卷叶绵蚜Thecabius(Oothecabius)brachychaetus zhan
- 副伪卷叶绵蚜亚属Parathecabius Bomer,1950
- (93)蛾眉山伪卷叶绵蚜Thecabius(Parathecabius)emeishanus Zha
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- (94)钟伪卷叶绵蚜Thecabius(Paiathecabius)zhongi Zhang,199
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (93)蛾眉山伪卷叶绵蚜Thecabius(Parathecabius)emeishanus Zha
- 伪卷叶绵蚜亚属Thecabius Koch,1857
- (95)北京伪卷叶绵蚜Thecabius(Thecabius)beijingensis Zhang,
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (96)东方伪卷叶绵蚜岷亚种Thecabius(Thecabius)orientalis minen
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- (97)吸杨伪卷叶绵蚜Thecabius(Thecabius)populisuctus zhang
- 有翅性母蚜
- (95)北京伪卷叶绵蚜Thecabius(Thecabius)beijingensis Zhang,
- 卵伪卷叶绵蚜亚属Oothecabius Zhang,1995
- 8.三堡瘿绵蚜属Epipemphigus Hille Ris Lambers,1966
- (三)五节根蚜亚科Fordinae
- 倍蚜族Melaphidini
- 16.平翅根蚜属Aploneura Passerini,1863中国新记录
- (98)葡萄平翅根蚜Aploneura ampelina(Mokrzecky.1896)中国新记录
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- (99)乳香平翅绵蚜Aploneura lentisci(Passerini,1863)中国新记录
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- (98)葡萄平翅根蚜Aploneura ampelina(Mokrzecky.1896)中国新记录
- 17.角瘿绵蚜属Baizomgia Rondani,1848
- 角叶瘿绵蚜亚属Selibaizongia Zhang,1995
- (100)卵角瘿绵蚜Baizongia (Selibaizongia) ovagalla zhang
- 无翅干雌蚜
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (101)多感角瘿绵蚜Baizongia(Selibaizongia)sensucopia Zhan
- 无翅干雌蚜
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (102)云龙角瘿绵蚜Baizongia (Selibaizongia)yunlongensis Z
- 无翅干母
- 有翅干雌蚜
- (100)卵角瘿绵蚜Baizongia (Selibaizongia) ovagalla zhang
- 角叶瘿绵蚜亚属Selibaizongia Zhang,1995
- 18.毛根蚜属Chaetogeoica Remaudiere et Tao,1957
- (103)梳齿毛根蚜Chaetogeoica folidentata(Tao,1947)
- 无翅干母新型记述
- 无翅孤雌蚜新型记述
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (104)榆钱毛根蚜Chaetogeoica ulmidrupa zhang,1998
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (105)小瘿毛根蚜Chaetogeoica utricutata Zhang et Zhang,1
- 无翅干母
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (103)梳齿毛根蚜Chaetogeoica folidentata(Tao,1947)
- 19.离倍蚜属Dimelaphis Zhang,1998
- (106)钝镰离倍蚜Dimelaphis obtusifalcata Zhang,1998
- 有翅性母蚜
- (106)钝镰离倍蚜Dimelaphis obtusifalcata Zhang,1998
- 20.铁倍花蚜属Floraphis Tsai et Tang,1946
- (107)周氏倍花蚜Floraphis choui xiang,1980
- (108)铁倍花蚜Floraphis meitanensus Tsai et Tang,1946
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- 21.铁倍蚜属Kaburagia Takagi,1937
- (109)肚倍蚜Kaburagia rhusicola Takagi,1937
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (110)肚倍蚜枣铁亚种Kaburagia rhusicola ensigallis(Tsai et
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (111)肚倍蚜蛋肚亚种Kaburagia rhusicola ovatirhusicola Xia
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (112)肚倍蚜蛋铁亚种Kaburagia rhusicola ovogallis(Tsai et
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (109)肚倍蚜Kaburagia rhusicola Takagi,1937
- 22.小铁枣蚜属Meitanaphis Tsai et Tang.1946
- (113)红小铁枣倍蚜Meitanaphis elongallis Tsai et Tang,194
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (114)黄小铁枣倍蚜Meitanaphis flavogallis Tang,1978
- (115)米倍蚜Meitanaphis microgallis Xiang.1980
- (113)红小铁枣倍蚜Meitanaphis elongallis Tsai et Tang,194
- 23.圆角倍蚜属Nurudea Matsumura,1917
- (116)圆角倍蚜Nurudea ibofushi Matsumura,1917
- (117)倍花蚜Nurudea shiraii Matsumura,1917
- (118)红倍花蚜Nurudea yanoniella(Matsumura,1917)
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- 24.倍蚜属Schlechtendalia Lichtenstein,1883
- (119)角倍蚜Schlechtendalia chinensis(Bell。1848)
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (120)倍蛋蚜Schlechtendalia peitan(Tsai et Tang,1946)新
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (119)角倍蚜Schlechtendalia chinensis(Bell。1848)
- 16.平翅根蚜属Aploneura Passerini,1863中国新记录
- 五节根蚜族Fordini
- 25.五节根蚜属Forda von Heyden.1837
- (121)金黄五节根蚜Forda auralenta Zhang et Qiao,1998
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- (122)蚁五节根蚜Forda formicaria von Heyden,1837
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- (123)缘五节根蚜Forda marginata Koch,1857
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (124)毛多五节根蚜Forda multicoma Zhang,1998
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- (125)东方五节根蚜Forda orientalis George,1920
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- (121)金黄五节根蚜Forda auralenta Zhang et Qiao,1998
- 26.根蚜属Geoica Hartig,1894
- (126)蔗根蚜Geoica lucifuga(Zehntner,1897)
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (127)钝毛根蚜Geoica setulosa(Passerini,1860)中国新记录
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- (126)蔗根蚜Geoica lucifuga(Zehntner,1897)
- 27.名根蚜属Namaforda Zhang,1997
- (128)西昌名根蚜Namaforda marginata(Tao,1947)新组合
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (128)西昌名根蚜Namaforda marginata(Tao,1947)新组合
- 28.拟根蚜属Paracletus von Heyden,1837
- (129)麦拟根蚜沾化亚种Paracletus cimiciformis zhanhuanus Zh
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- (129)麦拟根蚜沾化亚种Paracletus cimiciformis zhanhuanus Zh
- 29.拟孕蚜属Siciforda Zhang,1998
- (130)六节拟孕蚜Siciforda sexiarticulata Zhang,1998
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- (130)六节拟孕蚜Siciforda sexiarticulata Zhang,1998
- 30.斯绵蚜属Smynthurodes Westwood,1849
- (131)菜豆根蚜Smyrahurodes betae Westwood,1849
- 无翅孤雌蚜
- 有翅孤雌蚜
- 生物学
- (131)菜豆根蚜Smyrahurodes betae Westwood,1849
- 25.五节根蚜属Forda von Heyden.1837
- 倍蚜族Melaphidini
- (一)绵蚜亚科Eriosomatinae
参考文献
英文摘要
中名索引
拉丁名索引
蚜虫与寄主植物的对比名录
寄主植物与蚜虫的对比名录
图版Ⅰ—ⅩⅦ
中国动物志已出版书目
彩版Ⅰ—Ⅷ
- 被寄生的嫩枝
- 有翅若蚜及体北白色蜡粉
- 位于针叶上的有翅孤雌蚜
- 卷叶状伪虫瘿
- 卷叶内的有翅孤雌蚜
- 卷叶内的有翅孤雌蚜及球形排泄物
- 虫瘿
- 虫瘿内的若蚜
- 虫瘿内的有翅孤雌蚜
- 虫瘿
- 少拟粗毛绵蚜
- 虫瘿放大
- 虫瘿
- 杨叶红瘿绵蚜
- 未成熟的虫瘿
- 成熟的虫瘿
- 未成熟的虫瘿
- 近成熟的虫瘿
- 茂枝瘿绵蚜
- 囊柄瘿棉蚜的虫瘿
- 柄脉叶瘿绵蚜的虫瘿
- 杨枝瘿绵蚜的虫瘿
- 早螺瘿绵蚜的虫瘿
- 滇枝瘿绵蚜的虫瘿
- 安绵蚜的虫瘿
- 三堡瘿绵蚜的虫瘿
- 虫瘿内的有翅孤雌雌蚜及若蚜
- 虫瘿内的群体
- 虫瘿整体观